Section two - theories and models for learning and instruction

Section two of your textbook focuses on theories and models for learning and instruction. It is important to be aware of one's learning style as well as know about the various theories for designing instruction for teaching and learning. For this week's reflection activities, I would like for you to focus on the following:

• Identify a specific learning goal and how you would incorporate two learning theories highlighted in Chapter 4 to achieve this goal.

Goal: Engage with misunderstood students better

Theories: Behavioral Learning Theory and Gagne’s Theory of instruction

• Find a reference (other than the book) that describes Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. Then create a table or chart that compares and contrasts those events with the first principles described in chapter 7 and describe how you would apply each of the first principles to the goal you've developed from the first activity in this reflection.

Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction

What is it?

Foundations in Education

Gagne's book, The Conditions of Learning, first published in 1965, identified the mental conditions for learning. These were based on the information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli. Gagne created a nine-step process called the events of instruction, which correlate to and address the conditions of learning.

http://www.citt.ufl.edu/toolbox/toolbox_gagne9Events.phpGagne’s 9 Events of Instruction

Gagne’s 9 Steps                                         First Principles

Gain attention	Activation
Inform learners of objectives	Problem
Stimulate recall of prior learning	Application
Present the content	Demonstration
Provide "learning guidance"	Integration
Elicit performance (practice).	Activation
Provide feedback	Application
Assess performance	Demonstration
Enhance retention and transfer to the job	Application

Goal: Engage with misunderstood students better: Students that are misunderstood usually are labeled based on their behavior, however these at risk youth are at risk not because of their behavior, but the cause; which could be lack of  food, problems at home, instability etc…applying Gagne’s 9 steps and the First Principles would be a help.

• Develop a new goal or using the one you've already developed, briefly describe how you might use the whole-task approach, scaffolding, and mathemagenic methods to help students learn to perform a task.

Goal: Engage with misunderstood students better: I would use the whole-task approach, scaffolding, and mathemagenic methods to help students learn to perform a task by performing single to integrated objectives and teaching to transfer from teaching for test.

• You have been hired to design a course for a topic in your area of specialization. Using Table 9.2 as a template, what would you incorporate into each subcategory to motivate learners?

Attention/Presentation

Relevance/Balance

Confidence/Endurance

Satisfaction/Success

• Finally, after completing these activities, discuss the benefits of engaging in design research. For me I am very visual-Charts, Tables, Graphs. I find it would
  I find it would be very beneficial. Visuals help me understand better.